International Journal of Advanced Studies in Computer Science & Engineering
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper dedicated to analysis and review of literature for today’s technology and future aspects of optical networks. This in depth analysis of today’s SONET/SDH Architecture and Reconfigurable structures for SONET rings has been discussed so that one can formulate the next generation SONET/SDH networks. Network layers are analyzed for their design and issues of researches, while dense wavelength division multiplexing equipment has been deployed in networks of major telecommunications carriers for a long time, the efficiency of networking and relation with network control and management have not caught up to those of digital cross-connect systems and packet-switched counterparts in higher layer networks. In this paper, focus on issues by understanding the current structure of the SONET/SDH Layers, its connection to other network technology layers. It will be useful for current OPMA. Keywords--SONET/SDH, STS, Optical carrier, FPGA for SONET, ARM for SONET. NOMENCLATURE B-DCS Broadband digital cross-connect system. BoD Bandwidth on demand. CCAMP Common control and measurement plane. CMIP Common management information protocol. CLI Command line interface. CMISE Common management information service. CO Central office. CORBA Common object request broker architecture. DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. DCS Digital cross-connect system. DWDM Dense wavelength division multiplexing. EMS Element management system. E-NNI External network-to-network interface. EVC Ethernet virtual circuit. FEC Forward error correction. FEC Forwarding equivalence class (used in MPLS). FXC Fiber cross connect. Gb/s Gigabits per second. IETF Internet Engineering Task Force. GMPLS Generalized multiprotocol label switching. GUI Graphical user interface. IOS Intelligent optical switch. ITU-T International Telecommunication UnionTelecommunication Standardization Sector. MIB Management information base. MPLS Multiprotocol label switching. MPLS-TE MPLS-traffic engineering. Muxponder Multiplexer + transponder. NE Network element. NMS Network management system. OIF Optical Internetworking Forum. OMS Optical mesh service. OSPF Open shortest path first. OSS Operations support system. OT Optical Transponder OTN Optical transport network. PCE Path computation element. PMD Polarization mode dispersion. QPSK Quadrature phase shift keying. REN Research and education network. ROADM Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer. SNMP Simple network management protocol. SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork. SRLG Shared risk link group. TDM Time division multiplexing. TL1 Transaction language 1
منابع مشابه
DALD:-Distributed-Asynchronous-Local-Decontamination Algorithm in Arbitrary Graphs
Network environments always can be invaded by intruder agents. In networks where nodes are performing some computations, intruder agents might contaminate some nodes. Therefore, problem of decontaminating a network infected by intruder agents is one of the major problems in these networks. In this paper, we present a distributed asynchronous local algorithm for decontaminating a network. In mos...
متن کاملCost Benefits Ratio of Organic Horticultural Products and Comparison with Conventional Products
Recently, the quality and safety of organic products is the topic of prime concern. While this demand increases since consumer considers organic products are healthier and harmless than conventional products. In the country like India, organic agricultural is not novel and are effectively performs in varied climates such as tribal mountains, mountainous areas and rain-fed zones of the country. ...
متن کاملCost Benefits Ratio of Organic Horticultural Products and Comparison with Conventional Products
Recently, the quality and safety of organic products is the topic of prime concern. While this demand increases since consumer considers organic products are healthier and harmless than conventional products. In the country like India, organic agricultural is not novel and are effectively performs in varied climates such as tribal mountains, mountainous areas and rain-fed zones of the country. ...
متن کاملThe Idea Of Using The Steganography As Encryption Tool
the increasing use of computers and the widespread use of networks, Social networking and use applications through the use of the Internet to make the spread images, which make it easy to be penetrated from the attacker and from everyone who try to change the information. So, the need arises to transmit the information securely through a secure manner . Steganography is the best solution to sol...
متن کاملAn ECC-Based Mutual Authentication Scheme with One Time Signature (OTS) in Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is a key part of the smart grid; thus, one of the most important concerns is to offer a secure mutual authentication. This study focuses on communication between a smart meter and a server on the utility side. Hence, a mutual authentication mechanism in AMI is presented based on the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and one time signature (OTS) consists o...
متن کاملImproving QoS in VANETs: A Survey
The systems in which information and communication technologies and systems engineering concepts are utilized to develop and improve transportation systems of all kinds are called “The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)”. ITS integrates information, communications, computers and other technologies and uses them in the field of transportation to build an integrated system of people, roads ...
متن کامل